US task force says screen school-age kids for obesity, intensive treatment works

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Task force: Screen kids, obesity treatment works

CHICAGO — An influential advisory panel says school-aged youngsters and teens should be screened for obesity and sent to intensive behavior treatment if they need to lose weight — a move that could transform how doctors deal with overweight children.

Treating obese kids can help them lose weight, the panel of doctors said in issuing new guidelines Monday. But that’s only if it involves rigorous diet, activity and behavior counseling.

Just five years ago, the same panel — the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force — found few benefits from pediatric obesity programs. Since then, the task force said, studies have shown success. But that has only come with treatment that is costly, hard to find and hard to follow.

The good news is, “you don’t have to throw your arms up and say you can’t do anything,” said task force chairman Dr. Ned Calonge. “This is a recommendation that says there are things that work.”

Calonge said the panel recognizes that most pediatricians are not equipped to offer the necessary kind of treatment, and that it may be hard to find, or afford, places that do. The recommendations merely highlight scientific evidence showing what type of programs work — “not whether or not those services are currently available,” he said.

The new advice, published online in the journal Pediatrics, could serve as a template for creating obesity programs. It also might remove one important cost barrier: Calonge said insurers will no longer be able to argue that they won’t provide coverage because treatment programs don’t work.

Evidence the panel evaluated shows intensive treatment can help children lose several pounds — enough for obese kids to drop into the “overweight” category, making them less prone to diabetes and other health problems. The treatment requires appointments at least once or twice a week for six months or more.

The recommendations follow government reports last week that showed obesity rates in kids and adults have held steady for about five years. Almost one-third of kids are at least overweight; about 17 percent are obese.

The task force is the same group of government-appointed but independent experts whose new mammogram advice startled many women in November. That guidance — that most women don’t need routine mammograms until age 50 — is at odds with the American Cancer Society and several doctor groups.

In this case, the task force advice mirrors that of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Many pediatricians already measure their young patients’ height, weight and body mass index at yearly checkups.

Task force recommendations in 2005 said there wasn’t enough evidence to encourage routine obesity screening and treatment. The update is based on a review of 20 studies, most published since 2005, involving more than 1,000 children.

The review excluded studies on obesity surgery, which is only done in extreme cases.

The panel stopped short of recommending two diet drugs approved for use in older children, Xenical and Meridia, because of potential side effects including elevated heart rate, and no evidence that they result in lasting weight loss.

Calonge, chief medical officer for Colorado’s public health department, said evidence is lacking on effective treatment for very young children, so the recommendations apply to ages 6 to 18.

The most effective treatment often involves counseling parents along with kids, group therapy and other programs that some insurers won’t cover. But adequate reimbursement “would be critical” to implementing these programs, Dr. Sandra Hassink, a member of the American Academy of Pediatrics’ board of directors, said in a Pediatrics editorial.

Dr. Helen Binns, who runs a nutrition clinic at Chicago’s Children’s Memorial Hospital, says such programs are scarce partly because they’re so costly. Her own hospital — a large institution in one of Chicago’s wealthiest neighborhoods — doesn’t have one.

Many families with obese or overweight children can’t afford that type of treatment. And it’s not just cost. Many aren’t willing to make the necessary lifestyle changes, she said.

“It requires a big commitment factor on the part of the parent, because they need to want to change themselves, and change family behavior,” Binns said.

On the Net:

American Academy of Pediatrics: www.aap.org