Sleep apnea ‘doubles stroke risk in men’
By ANIThursday, April 8, 2010
WASHINGTON - Obstructive sleep apnea more than doubles the risk of stroke in men, according to a new study’s results.
The common disorder, in which the upper airway is intermittently narrowed or blocked, disrupting sleep and breathing during sleep, is associated with an increased risk of stroke in middle-aged and older adults, especially men, claim new results from the study supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National Institutes of Health.
Researchers from the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS) report that the risk of stroke appears in men with mild sleep apnea and rises with the severity of sleep apnea. Men with moderate to severe sleep apnea were nearly three times more likely to have a stroke than men without sleep apnea or with mild sleep apnea.
The risk from sleep apnea is independent of other risk factors such as weight, high blood pressure, race, smoking, and diabetes.
They also report for the first time a link between sleep apnea and increased risk of stroke in women.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea and Incident Stroke: The Sleep Heart Health Study, was published online March 25 ahead of print in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.
“Although scientists have uncovered several risk factors for stroke - such as age, high blood pressure and atrial fibrillation, and diabetes - there are still many cases in which the cause or contributing factors are unknown,” noted NHLBI Acting Director Susan B. Shurin, M.D. “This is the largest study to date to link sleep apnea with an increased risk of stroke. The time is right for researchers to study whether treating sleep apnea could prevent or delay stroke in some individuals.”
In the study, researchers studied stroke risk in 5,422 participants aged 40 years and older without a history of stroke. At the start of the study, participants performed a standard at-home sleep test, which determined whether they had sleep apnea and, if so, the severity of the sleep apnea. Researchers followed the participants for an average of about nine years. They report that during the study, 193 participants had a stroke - 85 men (of 2,462 men enrolled) and 108 women (out of 2,960 enrolled).
After adjusting for several cardiovascular risk factors, the researchers found that the effect of sleep apnea on stroke risk was stronger in men than in women. In men, a progressive increase in stroke risk was observed as sleep apnea severity increased from mild levels to moderate to severe levels. In women, however, the increased risk of stroke was significant only with severe levels of sleep apnea.
The researchers suggest that the differences between men and women might be because men are more likely to develop sleep apnea at younger ages. Therefore, they tend to have untreated sleep apnea for longer periods of time than women. “It’s possible that the stroke risk is related to cumulative effects of sleep apnea adversely influencing health over many years,” said Susan Redline, M.D., MPH, professor of medicine, pediatrics, and epidemiology and biostatistics, at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland and lead author of the paper.
“Our findings provide compelling evidence that obstructive sleep apnea is a risk factor for stroke, especially in men,” noted Redline. “Overall, the increased risk of stroke in men with sleep apnea is comparable to adding 10 years to a man’s age. mportantly, we found that increased stroke risk in men occurs even with relatively mild levels of sleep apnea.” (ANI)
